人是死在罪中的

‘死在罪中’神学上称为‘全然败坏’意为：罪污染弥漫了，包括理性、感情和意志在内的整个人性，使之失去了在转向上帝和相信福音的能力。就是说罪人已经不能真正相信上帝，不能明白圣经真理。死在罪中的典型表现就是，以自己为上帝，为主，以理性为衡量评断一切的绝对权威或终极参照。可人类实际上是被造的、有限的。而上帝是创造者、无限者和绝对者，必无限超越人的理性。人更是被罪所浸透的，而上帝完全圣洁，是至善者。因此被造、有限且有罪的人类理性，必然不单不能相信与明白上帝的事，且只能抵挡与反对。因此人高举自身理性，实际上是非理性！有人说得好：“一个从没有见过大海只见过小池塘的人，无法想像海洋的广阔与汹涌；一个生活在井中的青蛙，不能想象广阔的蓝天。一只活在粪土中的蛆虫，不能知道纯洁明净是什么。一个受造有限微小的人，怎么可能想像理解上帝的事情？粪土中的蛆虫，不但不能知道而且害怕纯洁明净，同样一个死在罪中人，又怎么可能不恨恶，一切属上帝的完全圣洁良善”正如主耶稣所说：“光 来 到 世 间，世 人 因 自 己 的 行 为 是 恶 的，不 爱 光 倒 爱 黑 暗，定 他 们 的 罪 就 是 在 此。凡 作 恶 的 便 恨 光，并 不 来 就 光，恐 怕 他 的 行 为 受 责 备。”（约3:19-20）

死在罪中的人仍可能对福音或上帝存在的论据，有着在他理性之下的相信与接纳。但他所相信与接纳福音或上帝，仍然不是圣经上所启示的那位完全与无限者，不是本体独立自存，自有永有的三一真神。这便是主耶稣所说：“人若不重生，就不能见上帝的国”之真义。正如范泰尔在其著作《基督教护教学》中所提到的：有一个木将要切割木板，来铺设房屋。他在木板上画好了记号，启动电锯开始切割。但是他不知道自己七岁的儿子曾动过电锯，并移动了锯齿的定位。结果切除的地板都是歪斜不能用的。只要锯齿定位不改正过来，结果都会是一样。同样人若不重生，他就仍以自己为上帝，为终极前提或参考点，结果都是一样不能相信和明白圣经。无论何时圣经福音传给属血气（未重生）之人，他们都是按照人本、属地、自然主义形态来分析。结果是，无论他们形式上了解圣经真理多少，其仍然是敬拜自己心中的梦幻与虚构。”他们有的仅仅是知识，却无对上帝的真实认识。以上正是属血气之人不能意识到和明白的自己真实光景。因此一个人按自己认为合理的方式相信的上帝，一定还是假神。

所以基督徒在护教或传福音时，就不能与罪人站在把圣经置于人理性之下的角度。去引证表明圣经的可信与合理。如果这样就算人相信接受你所传的福音，他所信的仍然是罪人理性之下的上帝（福音）。也就是说还是假神。根本原因还是：人以自己受造、有限且被罪浸透的理性为裁断一切的绝对权威与标尺。就如人拿着刻度错误的尺子，量出的全都是错的一样。罪人用理性量度而相信认识的上帝和圣经，也必是错谬的。

因此圣经说：“不要照愚昧人的愚妄话回答他,恐怕你与他一样。”（箴26:4）就是不迎合人以自身理性，为绝对标准的方式或出发点，去谈论事物。不与他们站在同一立场与角度，去传福音或护教。而要按着高举圣经为绝对权威与标准的前提与立场去谈论，一点也不可妥协或降低。然而圣经接下来又说：“要照愚昧人的愚妄话回答他,免得他自以为有智慧。”（箴26:5）就是说我们虽不和罪人一同高举理性，把圣经之于人之下。但我们当对人的良知说话。实际上每个人在良知里都知道上帝的事，知道自己死后要面对上帝的公义的审判，甚至知道自己是应当归入地狱的。因为上 帝 的 事 情，人 所 能 知 道 的，原 显 明 在 人 心 里。因 为 上 帝 已 经 给 他 们 显 明。但他 们 虽 然 知 道 上 帝，却 不 当 作 上 帝 荣 耀 他，反去拜各种有形无形的假神，以致引发诸多罪恶。而且他 们 虽 知 道 上 帝 判 定，行 这 样 事的 人 是 当 死 的，然 而 他 们 不 但 自 己 去 行，还 喜 欢 别 人 去 行。（见：罗1:19-32）我们要做的就是用上帝的道，把人良知里早已知道的真理，给他指出来。同时祈求上帝圣灵在人心中作工，使他心意归服圣经与基督。

结论：除非一个人完全把圣经置于人之上，并全然接纳圣经启示。否则，人所信的依然是假神。不信圣经启示，就不会真的信上帝！**信就完全按着圣经启示来接纳圣经，而不是按着自己理性来接纳圣经。当人不再以自己受造、有限、有罪的理性而是以绝对无谬的圣经，为绝对权威与标准，人就开始能够绝对的分辨与认识真理了。因着以圣经为至高权威与标准，所以不完全，非绝对的人，便拥有了绝对正确的信仰与对真理的认知。此时人才成为一个真智慧人。

除“全能神”外 中国还有哪些邪教

　　深读工作室 整理
　　改革开放后，我国的邪教组织逐渐发展起来。20世纪80年代，邪教势力大多在偏远地区活动，90年代新生邪教多以中心城市为基地扩张，进入21世纪，当代邪教势力开始出现国际化的趋势。在我国，明确认定的邪教组织共有14个。
　　中央办公厅、国务院办公厅

　　文件明确的7个邪教组织
　　呼喊派
　　组织情况：李常受于1962年在美国创立，1979年渗透到我国。1983年活动已涉及20个省、自治区的360个县市，蒙骗群众20余万人。
　　社会危害：李常受妄称“基督是我，我也是基督”。造成此次招远血案的“全能神”教主赵维山曾是该团体的黑龙江骨干。近年来，该组织逐步演变出“常受教”“中华大陆行政执事站”“被立王”“主神教”“实际神”“东方闪电”等派系。
　　徒弟会
　　组织情况：陕西耀县农民季三保于1989年初创立，内部设有总会、小分会、教会点等7级机构。到1995年初，该组织活动已涉及14个省的300多个县，受蒙骗群众35万余人。
　　社会危害：季三保编造“七步灵程”，自称是“神所立的基督”“神的儿子”，可以行神迹奇事，治病救人。该组织骨干制造、散布迷信邪说，致使大量学生辍学，很多群众整天“祷告”，放弃生产，变卖家产，预备“升天”，或有病不求医，因贻误治病而死亡。
　　全范围教会
　　组织情况：1984年，河南镇平县人徐永泽在平顶山创立“全范围教会”。最高机构为“全范围议会”，下设7个牧区。至1991年时，该组织活动已涉及15个省、自治区的88个县，蒙骗群众数万人。
　　社会危害：徐永泽编了《教会基本建造草案》，提出“实现中国文化基督化、全国福音化、教会基督化的国度，与主一同掌权”。一些骨干散布“世界将到尽头，灾难就要降临”“信主能治病”等谣言，要求信徒天天聚会时嚎啕大哭。受其影响，很多群众不思工作，一心等待“升天”。
　　灵灵教
　　组织情况：江苏淮阴县农民华雪和于1983年创立。该组织形式较为疏松，但有明确分工。至1990年时，该组织活动已涉及13个省、自治区、直辖市，蒙骗群众1.5万余人。
　　社会危害：华雪和自称是“第二个耶稣、主基督”，是“主耶稣二次道成肉身降临”，称“淮阴就是耶路撒冷”。该组织宣扬“世界末日即将来临，整个人类要毁灭，只有早进‘灵灵教’才能躲过灾难”，致使信徒群众放弃生产，坐等 “世界末日”。
　　新约教会
　　组织情况：香港女影星梅绮(江端仪)于1960年创立，后由其女儿张路得继续在台湾传播并建立组织。1964年，该组织另一负责人洪三期在台北高雄县建立新总部和“圣山”。1988年，该组织“石牌教会”负责人左坤另立“耶稣基督血水圣灵全备福音布道团”。目前，该组织活动涉及20个省、自治区、直辖市。
　　社会危害：梅绮、洪三期、左坤等人均自称“先知”，代表“至高神来执掌王权”，是“神在地上的君”，宣称要“推翻人的国，建立神的国”。
　　观音法门
　　组织情况：1988年，英籍华人释清海在台湾创立“观音法门”，活动涉及全国大部分省、自治区、直辖市。1998年5月，骨干许成江另立“圆顿法门”，蔓延到9个省市的20余个县(市)，受蒙骗群众约5000人。
　　社会危害：释清海标榜自己是“清海无上师”，等同于释迦牟尼、耶稣基督、安拉真主等。从1989年开始，“观音法门”组织成员以旅游、探亲、投资办厂为名，频繁派人进入大陆，发展成员，秘密建立活动点。此外，又多次策动境内信徒到境外参加“法会”或培训，回国后进一步发展邪教组织。
　　主神教
　　组织情况：“主神教”是另一邪教组织“被立王”的骨干刘家国于1993年创立，活动涉及22个省、市。该组织成员分为“主神”“省权柄”“各级同工”等7个等级。
　　社会危害：刘家国自称“主神”，制造、散布“世界末日即将来临，只有信仰‘主神’才能得救，要团结在“主神”四周，终极建立神的王国”等迷信邪说。他还以“赐神灵”为名，强奸妇女19人；以缴纳奉献粮、奉献款为名，诈骗钱财40余万元人民币。
　　公安部认定和明确的7个邪教组织
　　被立王 
　　组织情况：“呼喊派”骨干吴扬明于1988年创立“被立王”，曾一度在29个省、自治区、直辖市建立活动点500多处，发展信徒数万人。该组织体系分为“父王”(吴扬明)、“服权人”、信徒等5个等级，并制定了严格的戒律。
　　社会危害：吴扬明利用《圣经》中“被立”一词，自称“被立王”，宣称：“世界末日就要到来，只有信‘被立王’才能得救；若不信就要受惩罚，遭到屠杀”。
　　他先后以诱骗和胁迫手段共奸污成年妇女和幼女数十人。他还要求信徒缴纳“奉献款”，聚敛钱财数十万元。
　　同一教
　　组织情况：全称为“世界基督教同一神灵协会”，美籍朝鲜人文鲜明于1954年在韩国釜山创立。
　　社会危害：该组织规定信徒必须与异性信徒发生两性关系，称此为“洗礼”，由文鲜明为信徒指定婚配，主持跨国大型“集体婚礼”。该组织曾在韩国、美国组织过反共大游行。“同一教”以投资援助、任职任教、文化交流等为名，派遣职员进入我国进行渗透活动。同时极力拉拢、发展我出国职员，指使他们回国后广泛传播“同一教”。
　　三班仆人派
　　组织情况：“三班仆人派”是河南镇平县人徐文库(又名徐双富)创立，组织成员分为“大仆人”“二仆人”等6个等级，建立较严密的组织体系，活动一度涉及18个省、自治区、直辖市。
　　社会危害：徐文库借用《圣经》神化自己，自称“大仆人”。该组织散布“2000年以前世界有七大灾难，世界末日来到了，“只有‘三班仆人派’才是真理真道”等迷信邪说。近几年来，徐及其骨干以“奉献钱是交给神”等为名，骗取大量钱财 。
　　灵仙真佛宗
　　组织情况：1979年美籍华人卢胜彦创立“灵仙真佛宗”，总部设在美国西雅图雷躲寺(又称“灵仙真舍总堂”)。1988年开始渗透我国，活动曾一度涉及13个省市。
　　社会危害：卢胜彦标榜自己为“活佛”“佛主”，极端敌视社会主义制度，曾于1989年多次发表公然演讲，攻击党和政府。该组织还在上海、广州、昆明等地设立分支机构，委任主持人，偷运、散发大量该组织书籍和宣传品，发展成员，建立组织。
　　天父的儿女
　　组织情况：“天父的儿女”又称“爱的家庭”，是由美国人大卫·摩西·白克于1968年在美国创立，其基本单位为“家庭”，最高机构为“皇室”，大卫任“国皇”。该组织从1980年开始渗透我国。
　　社会危害：攻击一切社会制度和意识形态，宣称“上帝的爱即是性爱”，指使信徒用类似卖淫的方法发展信徒，募捐经费。在“家庭”中实行群居、滥交，甚至提倡儿童性行为。受其影响，境内大多数成员有流氓行为，乱搞两性关系。
　　达米宣教会
　　组织情况：韩国人李长林于1988年创立，最高机构为“达米宣教会世界总本部”。1992年初传进我国，活动一度涉及10多个省、自治区、直辖市。

社会危害：该组织以宣扬“末世论”为宗旨，宣称1992年10月28日23时是“世界末日”的开始，届时加进该组织的人将随复活的耶稣一起‘升天’，不信其说教的人将在而后的7年‘大灾难’中受苦”。自1992年以来，该组织频繁派人进入我国，发展成员，建立组织，并指使境内骨干煽动、组织受蒙骗群众搞集体“升天”活动。
　　世界以利亚福音宣教会
　　组织情况：韩国人朴叫呼于1980年创立。组织成员分为上帝、总务等5个等级。该组织从1993年传进我国，活动涉及东三省、北京、河北、上海等11个省、市、自治区。
　　社会危害：朴叫呼自称是最后的先知“以利亚”，要求信徒将其作为“石仙”加以崇拜，称其组织为“石国”。该组织在我国各地建立了聚会点、联络点，并租地建立“石国”聚居村，唆使受蒙骗群众变卖家产，举家移居，共同生活。在“石国”聚居村内，要求他们断尽与外界联系，集中学习邪教教义，不得读报、看电视、听广播。
　　综合《法制晚报》《潇湘晨报》等

What Does the Bible Say About Capital Punishment and the Death Penalty?

Frequently Asked Questions
Does the Bible say murderers, rapists and other criminals should be put to death?
Do the Old Testament laws about capital punishment (the death penalty) apply to Christians?
Does "Thou shalt not kill" in the Ten Commandments mean the death penalty is wrong?
Did Jesus teach that capital punishment is wrong when He showed mercy to the woman caught in adultery?
Do Jesus' teachings against revenge mean capital punishment is wrong?
The Old Testament

Life was harsh for the Hebrews in early Old Testament history. They had just been freed from slavery in Egypt, and wandered in the desert for 40 years. When they finally reached the promised land they had to fight almost constantly to take and hold it. There were few options for dealing with offenders in a society that moved frequently and struggled just to survive. The penalty for most crimes was either death, beating or banishment from the tribe.

The Old Testament Law prescribed the death penalty for an extensive list of crimes including:
Murder (Exodus 21:12-14; Leviticus 24:17,21)
Attacking or cursing a parent (Exodus 21:15,17)
Disobedience to parents (Deuteronomy 21:18-21)
Kidnapping (Exodus 21:16)
Failure to confine a dangerous animal, resulting in death (Exodus 21:28-29)
Witchcraft and sorcery (Exodus 22:18, Leviticus 20:27, Deuteronomy 13:5, 1 Samuel 28:9)
Human sacrifice (Leviticus 20:2-5)
Sex with an animal (Exodus 22:19, Leviticus 20:16)
Doing work on the Sabbath (Exodus 31:14, 35:2, Numbers 15:32-36)
Incest (Leviticus 18:6-18, 20:11-12,14,17,19-21)
Adultery (Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22)
Homosexual acts (Leviticus 20:13)
Prostitution by a priest's daughter (Leviticus 21:9)
Blasphemy (Leviticus 24:14,16, 23)
False prophecy (Deuteronomy 18:20)
Perjury in capital cases (Deuteronomy 19:16-19)
Refusing to obey a decision of a judge or priest (Deuteronomy 17:12)
False claim of a woman's virginity at time of marriage (Deuteronomy 22:13-21)
Sex between a woman pledged to be married and a man other than her betrothed (Deuteronomy 22:23-24)
The New Testament

The New Testament does not have any specific teachings about capital punishment. However, the Old Testament ideas of punishment became secondary to Jesus' message of love and redemption. Both reward and punishment are seen as properly taking place in eternity, rather than in this life.

Jesus said His mission was not to abolish the Law, but to fulfill it (Matthew 5:17-20). However, He and His apostles greatly modified our understanding of God's intentions. Love is the principle that must guide all our actions (Matthew 5:43-48, Mark 12:28-34, Luke 10:25-28, Romans 13:9-10, Galatians 5:14). Christians are bound by Jesus' commands to "Love the Lord your God" and "Love your neighbor as yourself" (Matthew 22:34-40). We are no longer bound by the harsh Old Testament Law (John 1:16-17, Romans 8:1-3, 1 Corinthians 9:20-21).

Related article: What Does the Bible Say About the Old Testament Law?

Jesus flatly rejected the Old Testament principle of taking equal revenge for a wrong done (Matthew 5:38-41, Luke 9:52-56). He also said that we are all sinners and do not have the right to pass judgment on one another (Matthew 7:1-5). In the case of a woman caught in adultery (a capital offense), Jesus said to those who wanted to stone her to death,


"Let anyone among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her." And once again he bent down and wrote on the ground. When they heard it, they went away, one by one, beginning with the elders; and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. Jesus straightened up and said to her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?" She said, "No one, sir." And Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you. Go your way, and from now on do not sin again." (NRSV, John 8:7-11)

The apostle Paul also warned against taking revenge for a wrong done (Romans 12:17-21, 1 Thessalonians 5:15). Likewise, the apostle Peter warned us not to repay evil with evil (1 Peter 3:9).
Arguments For and Against Capital Punishment

Christians, and our churches, are divided on the issue of whether capital punishment is right or wrong.

Some proponents of capital punishment see it as mandated by the Old Testament Law. However, Christians are no longer bound by the legal code of Old Testament Law. The argument of a Biblical mandate for capital punishment is also contradicted by the fact that many of the capital crimes in the Old Testament are considered relatively minor today. Very few people in the Christian world would support capital punishment for such things as doing work on the Sabbath, false prophecy or making false statements about a woman's virginity.

Many proponents of capital punishment interpret the phrase, "authority does not bear the sword in vain!" in Romans 13:1-5 as New Testament authority for capital punishment. However, the point of this passage is that Christians must not use their freedom from the Old Testament religious Law as an excuse to violate the civil law. We must obey civil authority, which is instituted by God, because of fear of punishment as well as conscience (verse 5).

Opponents of capital punishment see it as exactly the kind of revenge and human judgment that Jesus and His apostles so often warned against. They believe the principles set forth by Jesus and the apostles restrict punishment to only that which is necessary to protect society (i.e., humane confinement of offenders).

Opponents of capital punishment also point out that Jesus taught great principles for us to apply in our lives, rather than specific laws. Thus, his failure to specifically condemn slavery, capital punishment and many other evils should not be interpreted as approval of those things. They see the mercy He showed to the woman caught in adultery (John 8:3-11) as His rejection of capital punishment. However, Jesus never specifically repudiated capital punishment.

Some opponents of capital punishment see a prohibition against capital punishment in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:13, "Thou shalt not kill" in the King James Version). The original Hebrew word ratsach, translated as "kill" or "murder" could refer to either killing in general or unlawful killing (murder). However, most experts think this is not a prohibition against capital punishment because the death penalty is specifically authorized elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Conclusion

There is no clear mandate in the Bible either for or against capital punishment. The Old Testament Law prescribed the death penalty for an extensive list of crimes, many of which are considered minor today. Based on New Testament teachings, the moral aspects of the Old Testament law still apply to Christians, but the ceremonial and legal aspects do not. The general principles taught by Jesus and His disciples oppose any kind of revenge, but there is no specific teaching against capital punishment.
Church Positions

The three largest Christian denominations in the United States are split on the issue of capital punishment. The Roman Catholic Church opposes it in virtually all cases; the Southern Baptist Convention approves of it in certain cases; the United Methodist Church opposes it in all cases.

Here are the official position statements:
Roman Catholic:


2267. Assuming that the guilty party's identity and responsibility have been fully determined, the traditional teaching of the Church does not exclude recourse to the death penalty, if this is the only possible way of effectively defending human lives against the unjust aggressor.

If, however, non-lethal means are sufficient to defend and protect people's safety from the aggressor, authority will limit itself to such means, as these are more in keeping with the concrete conditions of the common good and more in conformity with the dignity of the human person.

Today, in fact, as a consequence of the possibilities which the state has for effectively preventing crime, by rendering one who has committed an offense incapable of doing harm-without definitively taking away from him the possibility of redeeming himself-the cases in which the execution of the offender is an absolute necessity "are very rare, if not practically non-existent."
From Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, copyright © 1997, United States Catholic Conference, Inc., http://www.usccb.org/catechism/text/pt3sect2chpt2art5.htm
Southern Baptist:


[A resolution adopted at the June, 2000 convention of The Southern Baptist Convention] affirms the use of capital punishment "by civil magistrates as a legitimate form of punishment for those guilty of murder or treasonous acts that result in death." The death penalty should be used only when there is "clear and overwhelming evidence of guilt," the proposal says. It also calls for "vigilance, justice and equity in the criminal justice system," with capital punishment "applied as justly and as fairly as possible without undue delay, without reference to the race, class or status of the guilty."
From http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?Id=6002
United Methodist:


Basic Freedoms and Human Rights
We hold governments responsible for the protection of the rights of the people to free and fair elections and to the freedoms of speech, religion, assembly, communications media, and petition for redress of grievances without fear of reprisal; to the right to privacy; and to the guarantee of the rights to adequate food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care. The form and the leaders of all governments should be determined by exercise of the right to vote guaranteed to all adult citizens. We also strongly reject domestic surveillance and intimidation of political opponents by governments in power and all other misuses of elective or appointive offices. The use of detention and imprisonment for the harassment and elimination of political opponents or other dissidents violates fundamental human rights. Furthermore, the mistreatment or torture of persons by governments for any purpose violates Christian teaching and must be condemned and/or opposed by Christians and churches wherever and whenever it occurs. For the same reason, we oppose capital punishment and urge its elimination from all criminal codes.
- From The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church--2000, ¶164A. Copyright 2000 by The United Methodist Publishing House, http://www.umc.org/abouttheumc/policy/political/a-basicfreedoms.htm