Original sin-orthodox原偏差-东正教

（邹光导读：本文尝试用“偏”替代“罪”去翻译Sin，主要是理清sin和guilt的区别，望对圣经汉译有兴趣的弟兄姐妹喜欢。）


所有教会都用术语原偏差（或第一次偏差）来定义罗马书5：12-21 和哥林多前书15-22，此两处描述了死如何通过一个人进入了世界。东方东正教会与西方（天主教）教会在解读上有根本的不同。现代罗马天主教的神学家认为双方在基本人类学的看法是几乎一致的，仅在对始祖堕落时发生了什么解释不同。东正教会喜欢用“始祖的偏差”这个术语，及习惯用“人有出偏差的倾向，这倾向从始祖的偏差遗传得来”来描述有关人的教义，这偏差会通过洗礼被除去。圣Gregory Palamas教导说，人的形象因亚当的悖逆被玷污，损毁。
The term Original Sin (or first sin) is used among all Christian churches to define the doctrine surrounding Romans 5:12-21 and 1 Corinthians 15:22, in which Adam is identified as the man whom through death came into the world. How this is interpreted is believed by many Orthodox to be a fundamental difference between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Churches. In contrast, modern Roman Catholic theologians would claim that the basic anthropology is actually almost identical, and that the difference is only in the explanation of what happened in the Fall. In the Orthodox Church the term ancestral sin (Gr. προπατορικό αμάρτημα) is preferred and is used to define the doctrine of man's "inclination towards sin, a heritage from the sin of our progenitors" and that this is removed through baptism. St. Gregory Palamas taught that man's image was tarnished, disfigured, as a consequence of Adam's disobedience.
Discussion
讨论
创世记第三章记载，亚当和夏娃出了偏差，就是原偏差。东正教会认为没有后人因为始祖实际所出的偏差而有罪，但是每个后裔都受他们行为的后果影响，最重要的就是肉体在这世界里的死亡。这就是早先的教父乐意用“始祖偏差”的缘故。始祖行为的后果和惩罚被自然遗传给整个人类。因为每个人都是亚当的后裔，每个后裔都不能逃脱此次偏差的影响（就是死），只有通过受洗才能摆脱死亡。人类必死的命运是因为始祖的这次堕落，而且随之产生了“私欲”，圣奥古斯丁这样称，就是犹太教里所称的“邪恶的冲动”，在东正教里，我们称“错乱的欲望”，它不仅使我们生下来就要死，与神隔绝，而且我们一生下来，在里面就有“错乱的欲望”。东正教不认为人类的状态是一种“完全的败坏”
In the Book of Genesis, Chapter 3, Adam and Eve committed a sin, the original sin. The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that no one is guilty for the actual sin they committed but rather everyone inherits the consequences of this act; the foremost of this is physical death in this world. This is the reason why the original fathers of the Church over the centuries have preferred the term ancestral sin. The consequences and penalties of this ancestral act are transferred by means of natural heredity to the entire human race. Since every human is a descendant of Adam then 'no one is free from the implications of this sin' (which is human death) and that the only way to be freed from this is through baptism. While mortality is certainly a result of the Fall, along with this also what is termed "concupiscence" in the writings of St Augustine of Hippo -- this is the "evil impulse" of Judaism, and in Orthodoxy, we might say this is our "disordered passion." It isn't only that we are born in death, or in a state of distance from God, but also that we are born with disordered passion within us. Orthodoxy would not describe the human state as one of "total depravity" (see Cyril Lucaris however).